THE Bank of Japan (BOJ) should gradually raise short-term interest rates and make its bond yield control policy more flexible, if inflation stays around its 2 per cent target and is accompanied by sustained wage growth, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) said on Thursday (Jan 11).

While the BOJ made tweaks to its yield curve control (YCC) last year to loosen its tight grip on long-term interest rates, markets could challenge the policy again if inflation remains above its 2 per cent target and global yields go up, it said.

The central bank should thus continue efforts to make YCC more flexible, such as by raising the 10-year bond yield target or moving to a short-term yield target, the OECD said.

The BOJ should also gradually raise short-term rates from early 2024 if inflation stays around its 2 per cent target, wage growth accelerates and the output gap closes, the OECD said in its 2024 report on Japan.

“Japan is at a turning point, with inflation more likely to settle durably around the 2 per cent inflation target than at any time since its inception,” the report said on the prospects for achieving the BOJ’s price target, which was introduced in 2013.

“Greater flexibility in the conduct of yield curve control and a gradual modest increase in the short-term policy interest rate are warranted, based on projections of sustained inflation and wage dynamics,” it said.

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With inflation having exceeded 2 per cent for well over a year, many market players expect the BOJ to pull short-term interest rates out of negative territory this year in a historic shift away from its prolonged ultra-loose monetary policy.

Any such move would follow steps the BOJ took last year to phase out YCC, a policy that sets a 0 per cent target for the 10-year government bond yield, such as by watering down a rigid 1 per cent cap set for the yield to a loose reference.

BOJ governor Kazuo Ueda has stressed the bank’s resolve to keep ultra-loose policy settings intact until sustained achievement of 2 per cent inflation, accompanied by durable wage rises, comes into sight.

OECD secretary-general Mathias Cormann said it was understandable that the BOJ would be keen to gather as much data as possible in judging whether Japan is ready for higher rates.

But he said the OECD was “perhaps more optimistic that inflation will more durably settle around 2 per cent”, even though the pace of price growth will likely slow somewhat this year.

“Monetary policy can gradually and modestly begin tightening,” he told a news conference.

In the event of a rate hike by the BOJ, policymakers must be vigilant about potential spillovers on domestic and global financial stability, the OECD said in the report.

“Communicating the current and future monetary stance clearly and in a timely manner is also key,” it added. REUTERS